Transmission element 120 walkthrough series#

A new addition to the practice recommendations for Standard Precautions is Respiratory Hygiene/Cough Etiquette.

Additionally, patients frequently move among the various settings within a healthcare system 8. This term reflects the inability to determine with certainty where the pathogen is acquired since patients may be colonized with or exposed to potential pathogens outside of the healthcare setting, before receiving health care, or may develop infections caused by those pathogens when exposed to the conditions associated with delivery of healthcare.

The term healthcare-associated infection (HAI) is used to refer to infections associated with healthcare delivery in any setting (e.g., hospitals, long-term care facilities, ambulatory settings, home care).

The term nosocomial infection is retained to refer only to infections acquired in hospitals.

This guideline contains four changes in terminology from the 1996 guideline: Top of Page Changes or clarifications in terminology Several authors have summarized properties to consider when evaluating studies for the purpose of determining if the results should change practice or in designing new studies 2, 6, 7. The quality of studies, consistency of results and correlation with results from randomized, controlled trials when available were considered during the literature review and assignment of evidence-based categories (See Part IV: Recommendations) to the recommendations in this guideline. Observational studies remain relevant and have been used to evaluate infection control interventions 4, 5. These include: difficulties in controlling for important confounding variables the use of multiple interventions during an outbreak and results that are explained by the statistical principle of regression to the mean, (e.g., improvement over time without any intervention) 3. Although these types of studies can provide valuable information regarding the effectiveness of various interventions, several factors decrease the certainty of attributing improved outcome to a specific intervention. Much of the evidence cited for preventing transmission of infectious agents in healthcare settings is derived from studies that used вЂњquasi-experimental designsвЂќ, also referred to as nonrandomized, pre- post-intervention study designs 2.

Med-line and Pub Med were used to search for relevant studies published in English, focusing on those published since 1996. Commonly used abbreviations are provided in Abbreviations Used in the Guideline and terms used in the guideline are defined in the Glossary. The information also will be useful for other healthcare personnel, healthcare administrators, and anyone needing information about infection control measures to prevent transmission of infectious agents. This guideline is designed for use by individuals who are charged with administering infection control programs in hospitals and other healthcare settings.

provide epidemiologically sound and, whenever possible, evidence-based recommendations.

reaffirm the importance of implementing Transmission-Based Precautions based on the clinical presentation or syndrome and likely pathogens until the infectious etiology has been determined (Table 2) and.reaffirm Standard Precautions as the foundation for preventing transmission during patient care in all healthcare settings.

provide infection control recommendations for all components of the healthcare delivery system, including hospitals, long-term care facilities, ambulatory care, home care and hospice.These previous documents are summarized and referenced in Table 1 and in Part I of the 1996 Guideline for Isolation Precautions in Hospitals 1.

Transmission element 120 walkthrough series#

The Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Healthcare Settings 2007 builds upon a series of isolation and infection prevention documents promulgated since 1970.

New Therapies Associated with Potentially Transmissible Infectious Agents.

Transmission Risks Associated with Special Patient Populations.

Transmission Risks Associated with Specific Types of Healthcare Settings.

Infectious Agents of Special Infection Control Interest for Healthcare Settings.

Rationale for Standard and Transmission-Based Precautions in Healthcare Settings.